Description
The Gram staining method is one of the most important staining techniques in microbiology. It is almost
always the first test performed for the identification of bacteria. The primary stain of the Gram’s method
is crystal violet. The microorganisms that retain the crystal violet-iodine complex appear purple brown
under microscopic examination. These microorganisms that are stained by the Gram’s method are
commonly classified as gram positive bacteria. Others that are not stained by crystal violet are referred
to as gram negative bacteria. Besides Gram’s stain, there is a wide range of staining methods available.
The procedures for these other methods follow quite closely those of Gram’s stain. By using appropriate
dyes, different parts of the cell structure such as capsules, flagella, granules, or spores can be stained.
Staining techniques are widely used to visualize components under the light microscope, for the
differentiation and identification of microorganisms. In this aspect, Gram’s stain is one of the most
important diagnostic tools in biological science.





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